Blockchain Personal Data Vault

Secure and User-Controlled Personal Data Management

Overview of Blockchain PDV

    Definition

    A Personal Data Vault (PDV) is a secure personal datastore that gives individuals control over their own information.

    Blockchain Integration

    In blockchain-based PDVs, personal records like identity data and health records are encrypted and stored in a distributed ledger under the user’s control.

    Association with Identity

    Each user’s vault is associated with their cryptographic identity, such as a public key or decentralized identifier.

    Purpose

    The PDV serves as a unified digital self, aggregating all personal data securely at the source.

    Architecture - Core Components

      Private Vault Ledger

      A permissioned or private blockchain that stores each user’s encrypted personal data, with access restricted to authorized parties.

      Public Profile Chain

      A separate public or consortium chain that holds non-sensitive metadata or identifiers, linking to private vaults without exposing sensitive data.

      Off-Chain Storage

      Large personal files are stored off-chain, such as on IPFS, with only cryptographic references like hashes written on-chain to avoid blockchain bloat.

      Encryption and Identity

      All personal data is encrypted with user-held keys, and access policies are enforced via smart contracts for fine-grained control.

      Features - Part 1

        Decentralization and Security

        Vault data is distributed across a blockchain network, making it tamper-resistant with no single point of failure.

        Encryption and Privacy

        Personal data is encrypted end-to-end, ensuring only the user and authorized parties can access it, maintaining privacy-by-design.

        Selective Sharing and Consent

        Users can share data on a need-to-know basis through smart contracts or verifiable credentials.

        Auditability and Logging

        Every action involving the vault is recorded on-chain, creating an immutable audit log for transparency and accountability.

        Features - Part 2

          Off-Chain Integration

          Large files are stored off-chain with hashes on-chain, combining blockchain security with scalable storage.

          Revocation and Compliance

          Mechanisms like revocation registries allow users to withdraw consent without altering the immutable blockchain.

          User Identity Management

          Users manage their own cryptographic identities, ensuring they alone hold the keys to their encrypted data.

          Fine-Grained Access Controls

          Smart contracts enable tagging and routing of data for precise control over access.

          Use Cases - Part 1

            Healthcare and Personal Health Records

            Patients store medical histories and share them securely with doctors or researchers via their vaults.

            Digital Identity and Credentials

            Individuals hold official IDs and selectively disclose attributes for self-sovereign identity.

            Personal Data Marketplaces

            Consumers monetize their data by sharing profile parts with brands, ensuring consented and anonymous options.

            IoT and Wearables

            Data from devices like smartwatches is stored in vaults and shared with apps or services as permitted.

            Use Cases - Part 2

              Collaborative Data Services

              Vaults facilitate crowdsourced research or secure file transfers by allowing consented sharing of anonymized data.

              Smart Sharing Scenarios

              Technologies like SolidPods enable on-demand sharing of data, such as career history with employers.

              Health Data Platforms

              Examples like digi.me allow encrypted health data storage and sharing with consent.

              Decentralized Identity Systems

              Users control identity keys and disclose attributes selectively in systems like Web5.

              Benefits of Blockchain PDV

                Data Security and Integrity

                Strong cryptography and immutability protect data from tampering or loss.

                User Ownership and Privacy

                Individuals hold the keys, deciding who accesses their information and preserving privacy.

                Transparency and Trust

                On-chain audit logs build trust by tracking all data accesses.

                Resilience and Availability

                Decentralization ensures data remains available across nodes, with scalable off-chain storage.

                Challenges of Blockchain PDV

                  Data Deletion and GDPR

                  Immutability conflicts with rights like the 'right to be forgotten,' requiring workarounds like revocation registries.

                  Privacy Leaks on Public Chains

                  Pseudonymized data on public ledgers can be traced, necessitating careful design.

                  Scalability and Performance

                  Limited blockchain throughput makes real-time access challenging, often relying on off-chain solutions.

                  Key Management

                  Users must securely manage private keys, as loss leads to data inaccessibility.

                  Examples of Blockchain PDV

                    SolidPods

                    Encrypted pods for personal data, used in pilots for sharing career data and health metrics.

                    Profila (Cardano-based)

                    App for building and sharing profiles with brands, emphasizing anonymous and consented data disclosure.

                    Digi.me (HealthVault)

                    Platform for storing and sharing medical records with explicit consent, meeting health regulations.

                    Ethereum/IPFS Prototype

                    Hybrid system storing encrypted profiles on IPFS with hashes on Ethereum for secure identity logging.