GLOBALISATION

A Historical and Economic Perspective

Title Slide: Globalisation - An Introduction

    Welcome

    Welcome to our presentation on Globalisation. We'll explore its history and economic impact.

    Group Members

    Preeti (Roll No. 21), Radhika (Roll No. 22), Raghav (Roll No. 23), Ravi (Roll No. 24), Ridhima (Roll No. 25)

    School

    Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Cent. Public School, Akhnoor

    Subject

    Social Science

    What is Globalisation?

      Interconnectedness

      Globalisation refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through trade, investment, migration, and culture.

      Integration

      It represents the integration of economies and societies across national borders.

      Flows

      Facilitates the flow of goods, services, capital, information, and people.

      Driving Forces

      Driven by technological advancements, reduced trade barriers, and policy changes.

      Historical Roots of Globalisation

        Ancient Trade Networks

        Early forms of globalisation can be traced back to ancient trade routes like the Silk Road.

        Age of Exploration

        The Age of Exploration (15th-17th centuries) led to increased global interactions and colonialism.

        Industrial Revolution

        The Industrial Revolution (18th-19th centuries) fostered mass production and international trade.

        20th Century

        The 20th century witnessed significant advancements in communication and transportation, accelerating globalisation.

        Economic Dimensions of Globalisation

          International Trade

          Increased international trade leads to specialization, efficiency, and economic growth.

          Foreign Direct Investment

          Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) promotes capital flow and technology transfer.

          Global Financial Markets

          Global financial markets facilitate capital movements and investment opportunities.

          Multinational Corporations

          Multinational corporations (MNCs) play a significant role in global production and distribution.

          Technological Advancements

            Communication Technologies

            The internet, mobile phones, and social media have revolutionized communication and information sharing.

            Transportation

            Advancements in transportation, such as container ships and air travel, have reduced transportation costs and time.

            Automation

            Automation and artificial intelligence are transforming global production processes.

            E-commerce

            E-commerce has expanded international trade opportunities for businesses of all sizes.

            Impacts of Globalisation: Positive

              Economic Growth

              Globalisation can lead to increased economic growth through trade and investment.

              Job Creation

              It can create new job opportunities in export-oriented industries and service sectors.

              Poverty Reduction

              Globalisation has the potential to reduce poverty by creating economic opportunities.

              Cultural Exchange

              It fosters cultural exchange and understanding between different societies.

              Impacts of Globalisation: Negative

                Inequality

                Globalisation can exacerbate income inequality between and within countries.

                Job Displacement

                It can lead to job displacement in industries facing international competition.

                Environmental Degradation

                Globalisation can contribute to environmental degradation through increased production and consumption.

                Cultural Homogenization

                It may lead to cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.

                Globalisation and Developing Countries

                  Access to Markets

                  Globalisation provides developing countries with access to larger markets for their goods and services.

                  Investment Flows

                  It can attract foreign investment, which can boost economic development.

                  Technology Transfer

                  Globalisation facilitates the transfer of technology and know-how to developing countries.

                  Vulnerability

                  Developing countries may be vulnerable to economic shocks and fluctuations in global markets.

                  The Role of International Organizations

                    World Trade Organization (WTO)

                    Promotes free trade and resolves trade disputes among countries.

                    International Monetary Fund (IMF)

                    Provides financial assistance and policy advice to countries facing economic difficulties.

                    World Bank

                    Offers loans and grants to developing countries for development projects.

                    Criticisms

                    These organizations face criticism for their policies and impact on developing countries.

                    Globalisation and Politics

                      National Sovereignty

                      Globalisation raises questions about the role of national sovereignty in a globalized world.

                      Global Governance

                      It calls for greater cooperation and coordination among countries to address global challenges.

                      International Law

                      The importance of international law and institutions is increasing.

                      Political Activism

                      Globalisation has led to the rise of transnational political activism and advocacy groups.

                      The Future of Globalisation

                        Technological Disruption

                        Technological advancements will continue to shape the future of globalisation.

                        Geopolitical Shifts

                        Geopolitical shifts and trade wars can disrupt global trade and investment flows.

                        Sustainability

                        The need for sustainable development and environmental protection is becoming increasingly important.

                        Regionalisation

                        Increased regional integration and trade agreements.

                        Case Study 1: Impact of Globalisation on the Indian Economy

                          Economic Reforms

                          The 1991 economic reforms in India liberalized the economy and opened it up to foreign investment.

                          Growth in IT Sector

                          The IT sector has been a major beneficiary of globalisation.

                          Increased Trade

                          India's trade with other countries has increased significantly.

                          Challenges

                          Challenges remain in terms of income inequality and environmental sustainability.

                          Case Study 2: Global Supply Chains

                            Complex Networks

                            Global supply chains involve complex networks of suppliers and manufacturers across multiple countries.

                            Efficiency and Cost

                            They aim to optimize efficiency and reduce production costs.

                            Examples

                            The production of an iPhone involves suppliers from all over the world and final assembly in China.

                            Vulnerability

                            Supply chains are vulnerable to disruptions such as natural disasters and political instability.

                            Conclusion

                              Complex Phenomenon

                              Globalisation is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon with both positive and negative impacts.

                              Ongoing Process

                              It is an ongoing process that will continue to shape the world in the years to come.

                              Requires Management

                              Requires careful management and policy interventions to maximize its benefits and mitigate its risks.

                              Future Considerations

                              Understanding globalisation is crucial for navigating the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century.

                              Thank You

                                Acknowledgements

                                Thank you for your attention!

                                Group 5

                                Preeti, Radhika, Raghav, Ravi, Ridhima

                                School

                                Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Cent. Public School, Akhnoor

                                Questions?

                                Any questions are welcome.