Hinduism: An Overview

Understanding the World's Oldest Religion

Hinduism: An Overview

    Global Practice

    Hinduism is practiced by over a billion people and is the world’s oldest active religion.

    Nature of the Religion

    Often considered more a way of life than a formal religion, Hindus refer to it as Sanātana Dharma, meaning 'the eternal tradition' or 'eternal order'.

    Historical Origins

    It originates from the ancient Indus Valley civilization and nomadic tribes arriving around 1500 BCE, with roots possibly thousands of years older.

    Terminology

    The term 'Hindu' derives from the Sanskrit name for the Indus River (Sindhu), as used by ancient Persians and Greeks.

    Core Beliefs of Hinduism - Part 1

      Universal Spirit (Brahman)

      Brahman is the formless, ultimate reality and source of all existence, like an ocean from which all things emerge as drops, temporarily separate but inherently one.

      Individual Soul (Atman)

      Each person has an immortal soul (Atman) that undergoes cycles of rebirth, influenced by karma accumulated during life.

      Karma

      Karma represents actions and their consequences, affecting current and future lives, with good and bad deeds shaping one’s spiritual journey.

      Moksha

      The ultimate goal is liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death by realizing unity with Brahman, freeing the soul from worldly illusions.

      Core Beliefs of Hinduism - Part 2

        The Vedas

        The Vedas are the four ancient sacred texts revealed to sages, providing spiritual knowledge and guidance.

        Cyclical Time

        Time is eternal and cyclical, divided into four ages (yugas)—Krita, Treta, Dvapara, and Kali—with the current era being Kali Yuga, characterized by moral decline.

        Dharma

        Dharma signifies righteous conduct or cosmic order, maintaining balance in the universe, with every being having its own dharma based on nature, age, and social position.

        Diversity of Hinduism

        Hinduism is diverse, encompassing strict practitioners and philosophical followers without deity worship, best understood through these seven foundational beliefs.

        Hindu Sacred Texts

          Rig Veda

          Hymns praising gods and exploring cosmic truths.

          Yajur Veda

          Rituals and sacrificial formulas.

          Sama Veda

          Musical chants for worship.

          Atharva Veda

          Spells, healing, and practical knowledge including magic.