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Introduction to Physics

Understanding the Basic Concepts

Distance and Displacement

  • Distance refers to how far an object has traveled.
  • Displacement includes both distance and direction.
  • Displacement is the difference between the initial and final positions.
  • Distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity.

Speed and Velocity

  • Speed refers to how fast an object is moving.
  • Velocity includes both speed and direction.
  • Speed is always positive, while velocity can be positive or negative.
  • The formula for average speed is distance divided by time.

Acceleration

  • Acceleration measures how fast the velocity is changing.
  • Positive acceleration indicates speeding up, while negative acceleration indicates slowing down.
  • The formula for acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the change in time.
  • The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately -9.8 m/s^2.

Projectile Motion

  • Projectile motion refers to the motion of objects under the influence of gravity.
  • It involves both horizontal and vertical components of motion.
  • The horizontal velocity remains constant, while the vertical velocity changes due to gravity.
  • The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.

Newton's Three Laws

  • Newton's First Law: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion unless acted on by a force.
  • Newton's Second Law: The net force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration.
  • Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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