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Understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A Brief Overview of MRI Spin Echo Sequence

Introduction

  • Dr. Erin Gomez presents an overview of magnetic resonance imaging
  • Explains the concept of protons and their behavior in a magnetic field
  • Introduces the role of an MRI scanner and its magnetic field
  • Describes the alignment of protons with the magnetic field

Proton Behavior

  • Protons act like bar magnets in a magnetic field
  • Normally, protons have random orientations
  • External magnetic field can influence the alignment of protons
  • Majority of protons align with the magnetic field, generating a net magnetization vector

Spin Echo Sequence

  • Protons in the body also spin on their axes
  • Spin frequency depends on the applied magnetic field strength
  • RF pulses can manipulate the alignment and phase of protons
  • RF pulse knocks protons into an alternate plane and synchronizes their phase

Signal Generation

  • Synchronized protons generate an electrical signal
  • Signal decay occurs due to differences in proton procession speeds
  • T2* effects lead to signal loss and distortions in MRI
  • T2* effects can be combated with refocus RF pulses

Spin Echo Imaging

  • One-eighty degree refocus pulse phases protons in the opposite direction
  • Echo is produced, resulting in information for imaging
  • Multiple echoes can be captured to reduce T2* effects
  • Spin echo or fast spin echo imaging can be performed

Sequence Recap

  • Alignment of protons with the magnetic field
  • Ninety degree RF pulse and transverse magnetization
  • Recovery, decay, and signal generation
  • One-eighty degree refocus pulses and echo production

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