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Understanding IP Addresses

A Simplified Explanation

Introduction to IP Addresses

  • IP addresses are numerical labels assigned to devices on a network.
  • There are two main versions: IPv4 and IPv6.
  • IPv4 addresses consist of 32 bits, while IPv6 addresses consist of 128 bits.
  • IPv4 addresses allow for around 4 billion unique addresses.

IP Address Structure

  • IPv4 addresses are written in decimal form, separated by periods.
  • Each address is divided into four sections, called octets.
  • Each octet contains a value between 0 and 255.
  • IPv6 addresses use hexadecimal notation and are separated by colons.

IP Address Classes

  • IPv4 addresses are divided into different classes: A, B, C, D, and E.
  • Classes A, B, and C are commonly used for general purposes.
  • Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting, while Class E addresses are reserved for experimental purposes.
  • IPv6 does not have predefined classes.

Public and Private IP Addresses

  • IPv4 has a distinction between public and private IP addresses.
  • Public IP addresses are globally unique and assigned to devices connected to the internet.
  • Private IP addresses are used within local networks and are not routable on the internet.
  • IPv6 also has a similar distinction between unique global and private addresses.

Address Exhaustion and IPv6 Adoption

  • Due to the limited number of IPv4 addresses, address exhaustion became a concern.
  • IPv6 was introduced to resolve this issue.
  • IPv6 provides a much larger address space, allowing for an almost infinite number of unique addresses.
  • However, the adoption of IPv6 has been relatively slow compared to IPv4.

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