Water Quality Parameters and Composition

Understanding the importance of water quality and its parameters

Slide1: Water Quality Parameters

  • Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measures organic matter
  • Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures biologically degradable organic matter
  • Dissolved Oxygen (DO) indicates the health of a river
  • Other parameters include pH, temperature, and turbidity

Slide2: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

  • Measures the amount of oxygen needed to fully oxidize organic matter
  • Indirect method to assess organic pollution in water
  • Excess potassium dichromate is used as a strong oxidizing agent
  • COD limit for effluent discharge to receiving water bodies: 250 mg/L

Slide3: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

  • Assesses biologically degradable organic matter in a water sample
  • Uses the rate of dissolved oxygen depletion by microorganisms
  • BOD limit for effluent discharge to inland surface water: 30 mg/L
  • BOD limit for drinking water supply: 2 mg/L

Slide4: Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

  • Indicates the amount of oxygen dissolved in water
  • Critical for the survival of aquatic organisms
  • Optimum DO range for sustaining life: 7-9 mg/L
  • Below 5 mg/L, many fish species cannot survive

Slide5: Other Water Quality Parameters

  • pH: Measures the acidity or alkalinity of water
  • Temperature: Influences biological activity in water bodies
  • Turbidity: Indicates the clarity of water
  • Composite sampling reveals overall water quality

Slide6: Composition of Natural Water Systems

  • Rainwater: Diluted form of seawater, pH affected by dissolved CO2
  • River Water: Determined by precipitation and rocks/minerals
  • Seawater: Higher sodium and chloride concentrations, calcium reduced
  • Groundwater: High in bioorganic matter, influenced by minerals

Slide7: Conclusion

  • Water quality parameters play a crucial role in assessing water health
  • COD measures organic pollution, BOD assesses biologically degradable organic matter, and DO indicates oxygen availability
  • Understanding the composition of natural water systems helps identify sources of pollution
  • Maintaining water quality is essential for the well-being of ecosystems and human populations

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