A Journey into Islamic Philosophy and Theology
Keadilan Tuhan (al-‘adl al-ilāhī) is a central theme in Islamic philosophy and theology, especially within the Shia tradition.
The discussion goes beyond Allah's attributes, touching the relationship between God and His creation.
It also explores how humans understand justice in daily life and the meaning of justice.
Syiah gives it a special place. Keadilan (al-‘adl) is one of the five principles of religion (ushūl al-dīn).
This sets Syiah apart from other schools, especially in its rational approach to understanding God’s nature.
Syiah believes God's justice is rationally understandable by human intellect and it is believed that it can be reached by human mind.
Allah cannot act unjustly or arbitrarily towards His creation and His justice is perfect in every way.
This belief forms the basis for human moral responsibility and the choice of freedom.
It strengthens the belief in a fair day of judgment, where every soul will get what it deserves.
The concept is not just theological but also links to moral and social aspects of Muslims’ life.
The justice of God leads to a question that is God fair in all His actions? If yes then explain with practical example.
How can humans grasp God’s justice in a world filled with inequity and injustice all around?
What does this mean for human faith, actions and what implications it has in human belief.
These questions have sparked extensive discussions among Muslim theologians and philosophers.
Mu’tazilah, Ahlu Sunnah, and Syiah Imamiyah each have their own ways of understanding this.
Discussions revolve around balancing God's will and human's freedoms and understanding the balance between the two.
The main point of the debate is to know the extent of the freedom and will of Human in different situations.
The main argument is about the standard to measure what is right and what is wrong and on what standard these are measured.
These differing views impact not only theory but also religion, law, and society.
The theoretical differences are not only impacting theory but also creating practical effect in society.
Belief in divine justice reinforces the concept of moral accountability of humans on earth.
If there is not justice then there is no concept of human's freedom to choose what is the best of him.
Understanding Al-’Adl Al-Ilahiy promotes fairness in human interactions and judgment based on fairness and equity.
This teaches humans how to be guided towards the right path with fairness and the correct approach.
The understanding of Al-’Adl Al-Ilahiy enhances humans responsibilities and their role in the system.
Syiah emphasizes reason in understanding God’s attributes, making justice a rationally accessible concept.
Syiah believes in divine wisdom and the revelation to teach what is important for human in his life.
For Syiah, the core of faith and the key principle to understand the life is the justice.
It is also believed that God will always choose what is best for human welfare and in the benefit of people.
It also promotes and advocates human's freedom while not going against what is divine in nature.
The general view is that God’s actions are beyond human comprehension and the justice is in God's hand.
The group emphasizes reason but sometimes differs from Syiah in its understanding of God’s attributes.
These views vary in how they balance divine power, human freedom, and moral standards and values.
The varying thoughts have their implications on the legal and judicial matters and laws of the region.
The societal structures and the code of conduct is also impacted by the thoughts about Al-’Adl Al-Ilahiy.
Belief in divine justice encourages ethical and fair conduct in all aspects of life and teaches good values.
Believing in equality also promotes social justice and to be fair to everyone in social interactions.
Understanding also influences governance, promoting fair laws and just leadership for the society.
Governance and understanding of Al-’Adl Al-Ilahiy promotes accountability and what are the basic responsibilities.
It also teaches to make fair decisions in everyday lives based on good understanding.
The issue of divine justice remains relevant in modern discussions and will continue to be discussed.
It challenges thinkers to understand its implications for ethical behavior and social change.
This presentation opens a door for ethical and moral challenges for the student so they can learn and grow.
The main goal of understanding this topic is for the social betterment and how to live a better life.
The current discussion is to give birth to many further discussions that can shape the world in future.
Thank you for your time and attention in learning more about this important topic.
Special thanks to Dr. Safi’i, M. Ag. for his guidance and support in this presentation.
This presentation was a collaborative effort by M. Adam Nurrobi, Qurrotul A’yun, and Nadya Sanad.
We hope this presentation has inspired you to explore this topic further.
May your quest for knowledge and understanding of divine justice continue.
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