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The History of Russia: From Ancient Tribes to the Bolshevik Revolution

A Journey Through 3000 Years of Russian History

Introduction

  • Russia's history spans over 3000 years
  • Ancient tribes and Bronze Age cultures inhabited the lands of Russia
  • The Scythians, nomadic tribes buried their chieftains under huge mounds called kurgans
  • The arrival of Vikings and the establishment of the Rurikids dynasty

Kievan Rus

  • Kievan Rus, founded by Rurik, ruled for 700 years
  • Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Vladimir the Great
  • Golden age under Yaroslav the Wise
  • Disintegration into feuding princedoms

The Mongol Invasion

  • The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, overran much of Asia
  • Initial invasion and retreat at the Battle of the Kalka River
  • Return of the Mongols under Batu Khan, devastating cities and ruling as conquerors
  • Alexander Nevsky's heroic defense and the Mongol rule

The Rise of Moscow

  • Founder of the Grand Principality of Moscow - Daniel
  • Defeat of the Mongols by Dmitry Donskoi at the Battle of Kulikovo Field
  • Moscow becoming the new center of power
  • Ivan III, the first Tsar of Russia

The Reign of Ivan the Terrible

  • Ivan IV, the first Tsar of All Russia
  • Conquests in Kazan and Astrakhan
  • Defeat in the Livonian War
  • The reign marked by reform and tyrannical rule

The Time of Troubles

  • The death of Feodor I and the end of the Rurikid dynasty
  • Anarchy, rebellions, and foreign occupations
  • The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's control over Russia
  • Russian population decimated by famine, plague, and warfare

The Romanov Dynasty

  • Mikhail Romanov becomes the first Tsar of the Romanov dynasty
  • Russian National Unity Day commemorating the return of stability
  • Tsars Peter I and Catherine the Great usher in an era of reforms and territorial expansion
  • Russia becomes a major European power

The Bolshevik Revolution

  • The fall of Nicholas II and the establishment of a republic
  • The rise of the Bolsheviks and their radical agenda
  • October Revolution and the overthrow of the Provisional Government
  • Formation of the world's first communist state

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