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Understanding Cultures: Hofstede's Cultural Framework

Expanding Perspectives and Building Relationships

Introduction

  • Welcome to Business School 101
  • Cultural diversity is increasingly important in our lives
  • We must understand each other to collaborate effectively
  • Learning about cultures dispels stereotypes and biases
  • Diverse cultures contribute unique perspectives and experiences

Power Distance Index

  • Cultures differ in acceptance or rejection of differences in people
  • High power distance cultures accept strong hierarchies and authority
  • Low power distance cultures view superiors and subordinates as equals

Individualism vs Collectivism

  • Cultures vary in the importance placed on individual vs group goals
  • Individualistic cultures focus on self-realization and competition
  • Collectivist cultures prioritize group goals and loyalty

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

  • Cultures differ in their tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity
  • High uncertainty avoidance cultures prefer clear instructions and stability
  • Low uncertainty avoidance cultures are more comfortable with risks and flexibility

Masculinity vs Femininity

  • Cultures vary in their preference for achievement and gender roles
  • Masculine cultures value ambition and toughness
  • Feminine cultures prioritize quality of life and relationships

Long-term Orientation vs Short-term Orientation

  • Cultures differ in their focus on future vs present outcomes
  • Long-term orientation emphasizes perseverance and delayed success
  • Short-term orientation focuses on immediate impact and present success

Indulgence vs Restraint

  • Cultures vary in their level of allowing gratification and desires
  • Indulgent cultures place high value on satisfaction and individual freedom
  • Restrained cultures prioritize conformity and societal norms

Hofstede's Cultural Framework Limitations

  • Hofstede's model assumes a one-to-one correspondence between culture and nation-state
  • The research may have been culturally bound and shaped by biases
  • The sample size and industry-specific focus may limit the generalization of findings

Conclusion

  • Understanding cultural diversity enhances communication and relationships
  • Hofstede's cultural framework remains valuable despite its limitations
  • Which dimension of the framework is most interesting to you?

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